Epidemiology

GORD is a common condition that affects between 10% and 30% of people in developed countries.[15] There is global variation, with 15.4% prevalence in North America and <10% prevalence in East Asia.[5][15][16]​​​​ All age groups are affected.

There is no evidence for clear predictive factors. Obesity is considered a risk factor for GORD.[16][17][18] The risk may be related to increasing BMI. In one meta-analysis, the relative risk for symptoms was 1.43 for BMI 25-30 kg/m² and 1.94 for BMI >30 kg/m².[17] Twin studies suggest that a genetic component may exist.[19]

Alcohol use, smoking, and intake of specific foods (such as coffee, mints, citrus fruits, or fats) may predispose to, or trigger, GORD, but associations are typically modest. Drugs that reduce lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (e.g., calcium-channel blockers) may promote GORD.[20]

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