Criteria

Montreal definition[2]

This classifies oesophageal syndromes.

  1. Syndromes with symptoms and no injury:

    • Typical reflux syndrome

    • Reflux chest pain syndrome.

  2. Syndromes with oesophageal injury:

    • Reflux oesophagitis

    • Reflux stricture

    • Barrett's oesophagus

    • Oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Extra-oesophageal syndromes

  1. Established associations:

    • Reflux cough syndrome

    • Reflux laryngitis syndrome

    • Reflux asthma syndrome

    • Reflux dental erosion syndrome.

  2. Proposed associations:

    • Pharyngitis

    • Sinusitis

    • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

    • Recurrent otitis media.

Some researchers suggest that the concept of GORD as a composite, symptom-based entity requires re-evaluation.[8]

Los Angeles classification of oesophagitis[61][62]

The Los Angeles classification of oesophagitis assigns patients to grades A to D, depending on endoscopic findings of mucosal breaks in the distal oesophagus indicative of oesophagitis:

  • Grade A: breaks of ≤5 mm

  • Grade B: breaks >5 mm

  • Grade C: breaks extending between the tops of ≥2 mucosal folds, but <75% of circumference

  • Grade D: circumferential breaks (≥75%).

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