Emerging treatments
Retinoids
There is some evidence that vitamin A and betacarotene may resolve leukoplakia and that retinoic acid may prevent progression of dysplasia. However, data are based on small numbers of patients, adverse effects are common, and the lesions typically relapse on cessation of therapy.[145][149][150][151]
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One review concerning the use of topical immunomodulating agents (e.g., isotretinoin gel) in modulating or controlling dysplasia in leukoplakia has shown they are not uniformly effective.[152]
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