The incidence of the syndrome has been estimated to range from 1.6% to 52% depending on the population studied.[9]Kirk KL, Kuklo T, Klemme W. Iliotibial band friction syndrome. Orthopedics. 2000 Nov;23(11):1209-14.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11103969?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Noble CA. Iliotibial band friction syndrome in runners. Am J Sports Med. 1980 Jul-Aug;8(4):232-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7396052?tool=bestpractice.com
It is the most common cause of lateral knee pain in runners and cyclists, with a reported incidence as high as 22.2% of all lower extremity injuries.[11]Linenger JMCC. Is iliotibial band syndrome overlooked? Phys Sportsmed. 1992 Feb;20(2):98-108.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29287538?tool=bestpractice.com
A retrospective analysis of 2002 records of patients with running injuries reported 168 cases of iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS). The sex distribution was 105 cases in 1076 women and 63 cases in 926 men.[12]Taunton JE, Ryan MB, Clement DB, et al. A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2002 Apr;36(2):95-101.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1724490
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11916889?tool=bestpractice.com
A prospective study of 400 female runners found that 16% of running injuries were ITBS.[13]Noehren B, Davis I, Hamill J. ASB clinical biomechanics award winner 2006 prospective study of the biomechanical factors associated with iliotibial band syndrome. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2007 Nov;22(9):951-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17728030?tool=bestpractice.com
In a cross-sectional study of 6608 British army recruits, the incidence of ITBS was 6.2%.[14]Sharma J, Greeves JP, Byers M, et al. Musculoskeletal injuries in British Army recruits: a prospective study of diagnosis-specific incidence and rehabilitation times. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015 May 4;16:106.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4443544
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25935751?tool=bestpractice.com
ITBS may also be observed in athletes participating in volleyball, tennis, soccer, skiing, weight lifting, and aerobics. More experienced runners may be less likely to develop ITBS.[15]Messier SP, Edwards DG, Martin DF, et al. Etiology of iliotibial band friction syndrome in distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jul;27(7):951-60.
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It is unusual in non-athletes. Variability exists in the reporting methods for ITBS injury rates (e.g., reporting ITBS as a percentage of running injuries rather than as an incidence in the general running population).[16]van der Worp MP, van der Horst N, de Wijer A, et al. Iliotibial band syndrome in runners: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2012 Nov 1;42(11):969-92.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994651?tool=bestpractice.com