Early cohort studies of established psoriatic arthritis (PsA) revealed that at least 20% of patients develop progressive and disabling arthritis.[108]Gladman DD, Antoni C, Mease P, et al. Psoriatic arthritis: epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Mar;64 Suppl 2(suppl 2):ii14-7.
https://ard.bmj.com/content/64/suppl_2/ii14
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15708927?tool=bestpractice.com
These observations were made prior to the advent of biological therapies and more aggressive treatment of early disease. Current therapeutic trials have demonstrated that available agents reduce short-term PsA disease activity. It remains to be determined whether early and progressively aggressive therapy will change the natural history of the disease.
Joint arthroplasty
Up to 30% of patients with PsA may require joint surgery.[109]Zangger P, Gladman DD, Bogoch ER. Musculoskeletal surgery in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1998 Apr;25(4):725-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9558176?tool=bestpractice.com
[110]Guldberg-Møller J, Cordtz RL, Kristensen LE, et al. Incidence and time trends of joint surgery in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a register-based time series and cohort study from Denmark. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Nov;78(11):1517-23.
https://ard.bmj.com/content/78/11/1517
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31300461?tool=bestpractice.com
The most common operation is hip arthroplasty. Hip involvement is related to psoriatic spondylitis and is frequently bilateral. Joint deterioration may be rapidly progressive, resulting in arthroplasty within 5 years of the onset of symptoms.[109]Zangger P, Gladman DD, Bogoch ER. Musculoskeletal surgery in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1998 Apr;25(4):725-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9558176?tool=bestpractice.com
[111]Michet CJ, Mason TG, Mazlumzadeh M. Hip joint disease in psoriatic arthritis: risk factors and natural history. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Jul;64(7):1068-70.
https://ard.bmj.com/content/64/7/1068
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15958761?tool=bestpractice.com
Mortality
Initial observations from a speciality clinic population found a reduced life expectancy associated with PsA.[112]Ali Y, Tom BD, Schentag CT, et al. Improved survival in psoriatic arthritis with calendar time. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Aug;56(8):2708-14.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/art.22800
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17665458?tool=bestpractice.com
Follow-up of cohorts in the same clinic has demonstrated improved survival over time, perhaps related to identification of earlier disease and improved therapy reducing the overall burden of chronic inflammation.
Community-based cohort studies of PsA in patients with less severe disease found no increase in mortality.[8]Wilson FC, Icen M, Crowson CS, et al. Time trends in epidemiology and characteristics of psoriatic arthritis over 3 decades: a population-based study. J Rheumatol. 2009 Feb;36(2):361-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19208565?tool=bestpractice.com
[112]Ali Y, Tom BD, Schentag CT, et al. Improved survival in psoriatic arthritis with calendar time. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Aug;56(8):2708-14.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/art.22800
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17665458?tool=bestpractice.com
However, a further subsequent nationwide registry-based cohort study in Norway reported a slightly increased mortality rate in women with PsA (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.21); no increased risk of mortality was observed in men with PsA.[113]Kerola AM, Kazemi A, Rollefstad S, et al. All-cause and cause-specific mortality in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: a nationwide registry study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 Nov 28;61(12):4656-66.
https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/61/12/4656/6563184
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35377442?tool=bestpractice.com
There is also evidence to suggest that young patients with PsA have an age-specific increased risk of mortality.[114]Elalouf O, Muntyanu A, Polachek A, et al. Mortality in psoriatic arthritis: risk, causes of death, predictors for death. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2020 Aug;50(4):571-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32454305?tool=bestpractice.com