Epidemiology
Testicular torsion has a bimodal distribution, with extra-vaginal torsion affecting neonates in the perinatal period, and intra-vaginal torsion affecting males of any age but most commonly adolescent boys.[8] In males <25 years of age, the annual incidence of torsion has been estimated at 1 in 4000.[8][9] In a cohort analysis of individuals undergoing surgery for testicular torsion in the year 2011 to 2012, the estimated annual incidence of torsion for ages 1 to 17 years was 5.9 per 100,000 males and for ≥18 years was 1.3 per 100,000 males.[10] Torsion can be seen at any age but it is not generally a disease affecting older adults.[3] For the year 2009 to 2010 there were 2213 patients with testicular torsion admitted to hospital in England, of which only 12 cases were in patients >60 years old.[11] In 2021 to 2022, 3461 patients aged 2 to 24 years were admitted to hospital with testicular torsion in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The majority were aged 13 to 16 years, with a median age of 15 years. 2529 patients (73.1%) required a surgical procedure.[12]
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