Antiphospholipid syndrome

Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome have a high risk of complications in pregnancy, including pregnancy loss. Management requires specialist (haematology, obstetrics, and rheumatology) multidisciplinary care.

Miscarriage

Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome have a high risk of complications in pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia. Management requires specialist (haematology, obstetrics, and rheumatology) multidisciplinary care.

Pre-eclampsia

Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome have a high risk of complications in pregnancy, including intrauterine growth restriction. Management requires specialist (haematology, obstetrics, and rheumatology) multidisciplinary care.

Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome have a high risk of complications in pregnancy, including placental abruption. Management requires specialist (haematology, obstetrics, and rheumatology) multidisciplinary care.

Placental abruption

Patients with APSantiphospholipid syndrome have a high risk of recurrent thrombosis after cessation of anticoagulation, so the general recommendation is to continue anticoagulation long term.[44]Derksen RH, de Groot PG, Kater L, et al. Patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and venous thrombosis should receive long term anticoagulant treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993 Sep;52(9):689-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1005149/pdf/annrheumd00484-0071.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8239766?tool=bestpractice.com [45]Schulman S, Svenungsson E, Granqvist S. Anticardiolipin antibodies predict early recurrence of thromboembolism and death among patients with venous thromboembolism following anticoagulant therapy: Duration of Anticoagulation Study Group. Am J Med. 1998 Apr;104(4):332-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9576405?tool=bestpractice.com [86]Khamashta MA, Cuadrado MJ, Mujic F, et al. The management of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1995 Apr 13;332(15):993-7. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199504133321504#t=article http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7885428?tool=bestpractice.com [87]Kearon C, Gent M, Hirsh J, et al. A comparison of three months of anticoagulation with extended anticoagulation for a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 25;340(12):901-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10089183?tool=bestpractice.com

Deep vein thrombosis

Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome have a high risk of recurrent thrombosis after cessation of anticoagulation, so the general recommendation is to continue anticoagulation long term.[44]Derksen RH, de Groot PG, Kater L, et al. Patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and venous thrombosis should receive long term anticoagulant treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993 Sep;52(9):689-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1005149/pdf/annrheumd00484-0071.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8239766?tool=bestpractice.com [45]Schulman S, Svenungsson E, Granqvist S. Anticardiolipin antibodies predict early recurrence of thromboembolism and death among patients with venous thromboembolism following anticoagulant therapy: Duration of Anticoagulation Study Group. Am J Med. 1998 Apr;104(4):332-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9576405?tool=bestpractice.com [86]Khamashta MA, Cuadrado MJ, Mujic F, et al. The management of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1995 Apr 13;332(15):993-7. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199504133321504#t=article http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7885428?tool=bestpractice.com [87]Kearon C, Gent M, Hirsh J, et al. A comparison of three months of anticoagulation with extended anticoagulation for a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 25;340(12):901-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10089183?tool=bestpractice.com

Pulmonary embolism

Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome have a high risk of recurrent thrombosis after cessation of anticoagulation, so the general recommendation is to continue anticoagulation long term.[44]Derksen RH, de Groot PG, Kater L, et al. Patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and venous thrombosis should receive long term anticoagulant treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993 Sep;52(9):689-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1005149/pdf/annrheumd00484-0071.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8239766?tool=bestpractice.com

Ischaemic stroke

Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome have a high risk of recurrent thrombosis after cessation of anticoagulation, so the general recommendation is to continue anticoagulation long term.[44]Derksen RH, de Groot PG, Kater L, et al. Patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and venous thrombosis should receive long term anticoagulant treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993 Sep;52(9):689-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1005149/pdf/annrheumd00484-0071.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8239766?tool=bestpractice.com

Transient ischaemic attack