Primary prevention
Policy options for the primary prevention of alcohol-use disorder can be classified into two overlapping categories: public and institutional.[27] Some examples include reducing alcohol availability through policies (e.g., excise taxes, drinking age legislation, and hours of sale) aimed at reducing alcohol-related problems (e.g., traffic accidents, liver cirrhosis, violence).[27] Some of these strategies, together with banning alcohol advertising, are effective in reducing alcohol-related harm.[28]
In adolescents, family interventions have a small but consistent and lasting effect in reducing alcohol initiation and frequency of alcohol use.[29]
Internet-based interventions designed to reduce alcohol use were more effective than control interventions up to 12 months post-intervention.[30]
Routine screening in primary care settings leading to early intervention has demonstrated efficacy in reducing alcohol use and related consequences.[31] In one study, screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment (SBIRT) by emergency department nurses resulted in both decreased alcohol consumption and fewer emergency department visits, though data for SBIRT are mixed and largely applicable to those with at-risk drinking.[32]
Secondary prevention
Advise the patient to avoid any identifiable triggers to alcohol use (e.g., drinking friends, drinking locations, activities associated with alcohol use). Encourage involvement with support groups. Alcoholics Anonymous Opens in new window
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