Primary prevention

Avoiding tobacco and alcohol may reduce the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).[80]

Diets high in cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower), green and yellow vegetables, and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of OSCC.[74][75][76]

There is evidence to suggest chemopreventive effects of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.[80][81][82] Risks for harm may preclude the routine use of these agents.[83]

Statins may reduce the risk of development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC); more data are required.[84][85][86]

It is not known whether elimination of gastro-oesophageal reflux by surgical or medical means reduces the risk of OAC.[80]

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