The incidence and mortality of lung abscesses have declined greatly since the introduction and widespread use of antibiotics, percutaneous drainage, and other treatment options.[6]Maitre T, Ok V, Calin R, et al. Pyogenic lung abscess in an infectious disease unit: a 20-year retrospective study. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2021 Jan-Dec;15:17534666211003012.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17534666211003012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34098822?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Takayanagi N, Kagiyama N, Ishiguro T, et al. Etiology and outcome of community-acquired lung abscess. Respiration. 2010;80(2):98-105.
https://karger.com/res/article/80/2/98/289854/Etiology-and-Outcome-of-Community-Acquired-Lung
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20389050?tool=bestpractice.com
In developed countries, the pattern of disease has changed, with lung abscesses increasingly arising secondary to underlying medical conditions.[6]Maitre T, Ok V, Calin R, et al. Pyogenic lung abscess in an infectious disease unit: a 20-year retrospective study. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2021 Jan-Dec;15:17534666211003012.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17534666211003012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34098822?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Pohlson EC, McNamara JJ, Char C, et al. Lung abscess: a changing pattern of disease. Am J Surg. 1985 Jul;150(1):97-101.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4014575?tool=bestpractice.com
Men and older adults tend to be affected most often.[6]Maitre T, Ok V, Calin R, et al. Pyogenic lung abscess in an infectious disease unit: a 20-year retrospective study. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2021 Jan-Dec;15:17534666211003012.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17534666211003012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34098822?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Walters J, Foley N, Molyneux M. Continuing education in anaesthesia, critical care and pain: pus in the thorax: management of empyema and lung abscess. 2011 Dec 1;11(6):229-33.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743181617301968
Of note, more than half of all lung abscesses present with mixed flora, and up to a half present with anaerobes.[9]Walters J, Foley N, Molyneux M. Continuing education in anaesthesia, critical care and pain: pus in the thorax: management of empyema and lung abscess. 2011 Dec 1;11(6):229-33.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743181617301968
Finally, lung abscesses have a reported mortality of 10% in uncomplicated cases, but this can increase to 75% in the presence of cancer, immunosuppression, altered consciousness, anemia, and pneumonia (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, or Klebsiella pneumoniae).[9]Walters J, Foley N, Molyneux M. Continuing education in anaesthesia, critical care and pain: pus in the thorax: management of empyema and lung abscess. 2011 Dec 1;11(6):229-33.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743181617301968