Prognosis

Following a first urinary tract infection, 15% of patients develop renal scarring detectable with renal scintigraphy.[30] Vesicoureteral reflux increases the risk of renal scarring, especially at higher grades.[83][93] The risk of scarring is reduced by prompt administration of antibiotics to febrile children with UTI.[26] Nevertheless, most children with UTI do not have any long-term sequelae.[94]

Recurrent upper UTI can lead to renal scarring and renal impairment.[95] Children who are immunocompromised or who have structural or functional renal abnormalities are at an increased risk of recurrent infection.[83]

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