Epidemiology

UTI is one of most common childhood bacterial infections, affecting approximately 8% of children <19 years with urinary symptoms and/or fever.[7][8]​​ Nearly 50,000 children were admitted to hospital with UTI each year between 2000 and 2006 in the US, accounting for 1.8% of pediatric hospitalizations.[9]

Infant boys <3 months of age and infant girls <1 year old show the highest prevalence rates.[10] Prevalence also increases between ages 2 and 4 years, during toilet training.[11] 

The overall prevalence of UTI in children <2 years of age with an undifferentiated febrile illness is approximately 5%.[12] 

UTI is more common in boys than in girls during the first year of life. After 12 months of age the prevalence of UTI is higher in girls than in boys.[13]

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