Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis is known to increase the risk of pregnancy complications (e.g., preterm premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth) but the evidence does currently not support routine screening for bacterial vaginosis in asymptomatic pregnant women.[4]Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.
https://www.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292926?tool=bestpractice.com
[36]US Preventive Services Task Force, Owens DK, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for bacterial vaginosis in pregnant persons to prevent preterm delivery: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2020 Apr 7;323(13):1286-92.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2764189
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32259236?tool=bestpractice.com
[37]Yudin MH, Money DM. No. 211-screening and management of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2017 Aug;39(8):e184-91.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28729110?tool=bestpractice.com
There is insufficient evidence to assess the trade-off between benefits and harms of screening asymptomatic pregnant women at high risk of preterm delivery.
Although bacterial vaginosis occurs more commonly in women with female sexual partners, routine screening for bacterial vaginosis is currently not recommended for this population.[38]Fethers K, Marks C, Mindel A, et al. Sexually transmitted infections and risk behaviours in women who have sex with women. Sex Transm Infect. 2000 Oct;76(5):345-9.
https://www.doi.org/10.1136/sti.76.5.345
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11141849?tool=bestpractice.com
[39]Evans AL, Scally AJ, Wellard SJ, et al. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in lesbians and heterosexual women in a community setting. Sex Transm Infect. 2007 Oct;83(6):470-5.
https://www.doi.org/10.1136/sti.2006.022277
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17611235?tool=bestpractice.com
Trichomonas
Screening for Trichomonas vaginalis should be considered in women at high risk for infection (i.e., women who have new or multiple partners, have a history of STIs, exchange sex for payment, or use injection drugs).[4]Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.
https://www.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292926?tool=bestpractice.com
Although T vaginalis infection is known to increase the risk of pregnancy complications (e.g., preterm premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth), the evidence does not currently support routine screening in asymptomatic pregnant women at low risk of infection.[4]Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.
https://www.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292926?tool=bestpractice.com
Screening is recommended at first prenatal visit for pregnant women with HIV infection, because T vaginalis infection increases risk of vertical transmission of HIV.[4]Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.
https://www.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292926?tool=bestpractice.com