Complications

Complication
Timeframe
Likelihood
short term
medium

Occurs as a result of retinal hemorrhage. May require ongoing intervention such as vitrectomy for dense vitreous hemorrhage or treatment of glaucoma related to increased intraocular pressure.

Ophthalmologic consultation is necessary.

long term
high

Various neurologic deficits may result from the cranial trauma or its sequelae, including increased intracranial pressure. Children who are victims of abusive head injury from shaking are at greater risk of permanent neurocognitive delay than those with accidental head injury. Some of this may be due to familial characteristics, as outcome seems to be better for children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds.[72]

Recovery is variable; ongoing evaluation and treatment by developmental pediatrician, and home- and school-based services, is required.

Evaluation of learning difficulty and cognitive delay

long term
medium

Occurs as a result of cranial trauma.

A gastrostomy feeding tube (nasogastric or surgically placed) may be necessary.

Faltering growth

long term
medium

May develop as a result of cranial trauma.

Consultation with neurologist and specialist services may be necessary. Contractures secondary to cerebral palsy may require orthopedic consultation and possible surgical intervention.

Cerebral palsy

variable
medium

There is a moderate risk of associated post-traumatic epilepsy.

Anticonvulsive therapy and/or consultation with a neurologist may be necessary.

variable
low

Can occur as a result of cranial trauma.

Placement of a ventricular shunt may be required.

variable
low

Can occur as a result of cranial trauma.

Consultation with an audiologist/otolaryngologist is necessary.

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