Men
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) cites insufficient evidence to support for or against routine screening in men at increased risk.[63]US Preventive Services Task Force; Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Sep 14;326(10):949-56.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2784136
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34519796?tool=bestpractice.com
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that sexually active men having sex with men should have annual screening for gonorrhea at any site where exposure has occurred in the past year (urine, rectum, and throat), preferably by nucleic acid amplification test.[23]Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8344968
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292926?tool=bestpractice.com
Those at highest risk with multiple partners, anonymous partners, associated drug use (e.g., methamphetamine or other club-related drugs), HIV, and a negative HIV test but receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV should be screened more frequently, up to every 3 to 6 months.[23]Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8344968
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292926?tool=bestpractice.com
Low-risk asymptomatic men should not be screened.
Nonpregnant women
The USPSTF recommends that all sexually active women under the age of 25 years should be screened for gonorrhea, and the CDC recommends that this should be carried out annually.[23]Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8344968
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292926?tool=bestpractice.com
[63]US Preventive Services Task Force; Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Sep 14;326(10):949-56.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2784136
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34519796?tool=bestpractice.com
Women who are 25 years or older should be screened if they have an increased risk for infection.[63]US Preventive Services Task Force; Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Sep 14;326(10):949-56.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2784136
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34519796?tool=bestpractice.com
This includes women from a high-morbidity community (as defined by an increased prevalence) or those with individual risk factors (e.g., multiple recent sex partners, a history of an STI, a partner with an STI), and those connected to networks with the incarcerated, to the commercial sex trade, or to drug use. Low-risk asymptomatic women should not be screened.
Pregnant women
The USPSTF and CDC recommend screening pregnant women under 25 years old and those over 25 years old who are at risk for gonorrhea infection at the first prenatal visit (as listed in the section on screening in women).[23]Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8344968
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292926?tool=bestpractice.com
[63]US Preventive Services Task Force; Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Sep 14;326(10):949-56.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2784136
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34519796?tool=bestpractice.com
The CDC also recommends retesting pregnant women during the third trimester if they remain at high risk for gonococcal infection in order to prevent maternal postpartum complications and gonococcal infection in the neonate.[23]Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8344968
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292926?tool=bestpractice.com