Infertility is a major disease worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1 in 6 people experience infertility at some point in their lives, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 17.5% and a period prevalence of 12.6%.[7]World Health Organization. Infertility prevalence estimates, 1990–2021. Apr 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978920068315
Infertility rates are similar in high- and middle- or low-income countries, but data are limited for some regions (particularly the WHO Southeast Asian, Eastern Mediterranean, and African regions).[7]World Health Organization. Infertility prevalence estimates, 1990–2021. Apr 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978920068315
In the US, it is estimated that 8.5% of married women ages 15-49 years have difficulty getting pregnant after 1 year of trying.[8]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Key statistics from the national survey of family growth – I listing. Dec 2022 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/i-keystat.htm
About 10% of women in the US report receiving fertility services to help get pregnant at some point in their lives.[9]QuickStats: percentage of women aged 25-44 years who had ever used infertility services, by type of service - National Survey of Family Growth, United States, 2006-2010 and 2015-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Oct 8;70(40):1433.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7040a5.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34618797?tool=bestpractice.com
Similar trends are seen in the UK, with around 1 in 7 heterosexual couples being affected by infertility.[1]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Fertility problems: assessment and treatment. Sep 2017 [internet publication].
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg156
In its 2021 Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) report, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified female factors in around 60% of ART cycles: 10.4% tubal, 14.3% ovulatory dysfunction, 26.9% diminished ovarian reserve, 6.5% endometriosis, and 5.8% uterine. Male factors were detected in 27.8% of ART cycles and unknown factors in 10.5% of ART cycles.[10]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021 assisted reproductive technology fertility clinic and national summary report. Atlanta, GA: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2023.
https://www.cdc.gov/art/reports/2021/index.html
In about 40% of cases, disorders are found in both the man and the woman.[1]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Fertility problems: assessment and treatment. Sep 2017 [internet publication].
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg156