Narcolepsy is a relatively rare condition; it is estimated to affect 0.87% to 1.21% of the world’s population and is the second most common cause of disabling daytime sleepiness after obstructive sleep apnea.[7]Spruyt K. Narcolepsy presentation in diverse populations: an update. Curr Sleep Med Rep. 2020;6(4):239-50.
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[8]Zeman A, Britton T, Douglas N, et al. Narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness. BMJ. 2004 Sep 25;329(7468):724-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15388615?tool=bestpractice.com
Estimated prevalence in the US is 44.3 per 100,000 people, and lower rates have been reported in western Europe.[9]Acquavella J, Mehra R, Bron M, et al. Prevalence of narcolepsy and other sleep disorders and frequency of diagnostic tests from 2013-2016 in insured patients actively seeking care. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020 Aug 15;16(8):1255-63.
https://www.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8482
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32807293?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Tió E, Gaig C, Giner-Soriano M, et al. The prevalence of narcolepsy in Catalunya (Spain). J Sleep Res. 2018 Oct;27(5):e12640.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29171110?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Müller S, Brandes A, Knierim J, et al. Epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment of narcolepsy in Germany: the DORMIO study. J Sleep Med 2021 Aug 31;18(2):88-99.
https://www.e-jsm.org/journal/view.php?number=309
[12]Wang Y, Chen Y, Tong Y, et al. Heterogeneity in estimates of incidence and prevalence of narcolepsy: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2022;56(5):319-32.
https://www.doi.org/10.1159/000525282
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[13]Hublin C, Partinen M, Kaprio J, et al. Epidemiology of narcolepsy. Sleep. 1994 Dec;17(suppl 8):S7-12.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701204?tool=bestpractice.com
Narcolepsy affects both sexes, with a slight male preponderance.[14]Silber MH, Krahn LE, Olson EJ, et al. The epidemiology of narcolepsy in Olmsted County, Minnesota: a population-based study. Sleep. 2002 Mar 15;25(2):197-202.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11902429?tool=bestpractice.com
[15]Ohayon MM, Priest RG, Zulley J, et al. Prevalence of narcolepsy symptomatology and diagnosis in the European general population. Neurology. 2002 Jun 25;58(12):1826-33.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12084885?tool=bestpractice.com
It can be diagnosed at any age but is more typically diagnosed during childhood or adolescence, with rare cases described in children <5 years and people >75 years.[16]Okun ML, Lin L, Pelin Z, et al. Clinical aspects of narcolepsy-cataplexy across ethnic groups. Sleep. 2002 Feb 1;25(1):27-35.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11833858?tool=bestpractice.com
Although the prevalence of narcolepsy is reported to have increased by 14% from 2013 to 2016 in the US, it is unclear whether this reflects increased incidence or an increased awareness and recognition of the condition.[9]Acquavella J, Mehra R, Bron M, et al. Prevalence of narcolepsy and other sleep disorders and frequency of diagnostic tests from 2013-2016 in insured patients actively seeking care. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020 Aug 15;16(8):1255-63.
https://www.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8482
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32807293?tool=bestpractice.com