Complications

Complication
Timeframe
Likelihood
short term
low

Loculated collection of infected fluid resulting from anaerobic infection.

Treated with antibiotics for 4 to 8 weeks.

Lung abscess

short term
low

Purulent pleural effusion because of infection with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Can lead to bronchopleural fistula.

Requires pleural drainage and a prolonged course of antibiotics. Drainage may be foul smelling if anaerobes are present.

Empyema

long term
medium

Aspiration pneumonia is an important cause of death in an older nursing-home population, patients with gastrostomy tubes, and those with neurologic disease.

long term
low

Chronic aspiration can lead to damage to lung parenchyma. Treatment is supportive care and prevention of infection.

long term
low

Bronchiectasis is a result of incomplete healing of lung parenchyma after injury.

Bronchiectasis

variable
medium

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and diffuse lung inflammation syndrome that often complicates critical illness.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

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