Dietary and lifestyle changes may be helpful, and evidence suggests they may be most effective when combined.[18]Serra J, Pohl D, Azpiroz F, et al. European society of neurogastroenterology and motility guidelines on functional constipation in adults. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020 Feb;32(2):e13762.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nmo.13762
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31756783?tool=bestpractice.com
Patients are advised to increase their daily dietary fiber. A diet deficient in fiber may lead to constipation, while a high-fiber diet increases stool weight and accelerates colonic transit time.[32]van der Schoot A, Drysdale C, Whelan K, et al. The effect of fiber supplementation on chronic constipation in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Oct;116(4):953-69.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523036146?via%3Dihub
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35816465?tool=bestpractice.com
[33]Tucker DM, Sandstead HH, Logan GM Jr, et al. Dietary fiber and personality factors as determinants of stool output. Gastroenterology. 1981 Nov;81(5):879-83.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6269944?tool=bestpractice.com
In people with a low calorie intake, an increased daily calorie intake is also advised. It has been shown that inadequate calorie intake can cause constipation.[35]Chun AB, Sokol MS, Kaye WH, et al. Colonic and anorectal function in constipated patients with anorexia nervosa. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Oct;92(10):1879-83.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9382057?tool=bestpractice.com
Patients should also be advised on adequate fluid intake, encouraged to get regular nonstrenuous exercise, and advised to dedicate time for bowel movements and to avoid postponing bowel movements when an urge for defecation is felt.[34]Muller-Lissner SA, Kamm MA, Scarpignato C, et al. Myths and misconceptions about chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jan;100(1):232-42.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15654804?tool=bestpractice.com