Complications
Hypercalcemia can lead to renal vasoconstriction, volume depletion, and a subsequent reversible decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Longstanding hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria can lead to calcification, degeneration, and renal tubular atrophy/necrosis.[36] In addition, intravenous bisphosphonate therapy can be associated with acute kidney injury.[21][36][37]
Hypercalcemia is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, of which coma is a serious complication.
Hypercalcemia may lead to calcium deposition in the pancreatic duct, and to activation of trypsinogen in the pancreatic parenchyma, leading to pancreatitis. Incidence of acute pancreatitis associated with malignancy-associated hypercalcemia is unknown.[23]
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