The prevalence of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is 15/100,000.[17]Al-Shahi R, Fang JS, Lewis SC, et al. Prevalence of adults with brain arteriovenous malformations: a community based study in Scotland using capture-recapture analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Nov;73(5):547-51.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1738119
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12397149?tool=bestpractice.com
The overall incidence is 1.12 to 1.34/100,000 per year.[18]Al-Shahi R, Bhattacharya JJ, Currie DG, et al. Prospective, population-based detection of intracranial vascular malformations in adults: the Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (SIVMS). Stroke. 2003 May;34(5):1163-9.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/34/5/1163.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702837?tool=bestpractice.com
[19]Stapf C, Mast H, Sciacca RR, et al. The New York Islands AVM Study: design, study progress, and initial results. Stroke. 2003 May;34(5):e29-33.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/34/5/e29.full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690217?tool=bestpractice.com
Of these, 79% (0.89/100,000) are asymptomatic and 21% (0.23/100,000) present with seizures or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).[18]Al-Shahi R, Bhattacharya JJ, Currie DG, et al. Prospective, population-based detection of intracranial vascular malformations in adults: the Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (SIVMS). Stroke. 2003 May;34(5):1163-9.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/34/5/1163.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702837?tool=bestpractice.com
Cerebral AVMs commonly present in the 3rd or 4th decade of life.[20]Tranvinh E, Heit JJ, Hacein-Bey L, et al. Contemporary imaging of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2017 Jun;208(6):1320-30.
https://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.16.17306
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28267351?tool=bestpractice.com
AVMs are the most common cause of spontaneous intracerebral hematomas in young adults.[21]Toffol GJ, Biller J, Adams HP Jr. Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults. Arch Neurol. 1987 May;44(5):483-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3579658?tool=bestpractice.com
The risk of bleeding is highest in the first year following a bleed, and 2% to 4% per annum thereafter.[22]Stapf C, Mast H, Sciacca RR, et al. Predictors of hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation. Neurology. 2006 May 9;66(9):1350-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16682666?tool=bestpractice.com
[23]Ondra SL, Troupp H, George ED, et al. The natural history of symptomatic arteriovenous malformations of the brain: a 24-year follow-up. J Neurosurg. 1990 Sep;73(3):387-91.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2384776?tool=bestpractice.com
[24]Kim H, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in brain arteriovenous malformation patients. Stroke. 2007 Sep;38(9):2430-7.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/38/9/2430.full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673729?tool=bestpractice.com
Intracerebral hematomas are common and account for 10% to 30% of all strokes.[25]Ferro JM. Update on intracerebral haemorrhage. J Neurol. 2006 Aug;253(8):985-99.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680558?tool=bestpractice.com
Of the numerous underlying causes, AVMs account for 4% of all ICHs.[25]Ferro JM. Update on intracerebral haemorrhage. J Neurol. 2006 Aug;253(8):985-99.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680558?tool=bestpractice.com