Interatrial communications occur in 1 to 2 per 1000 live births.[11]van der Linde D, Konings EE, Slager MA, et al. Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Nov 15;58(21):2241-7.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109711030798?via%3Dihub
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22078432?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Reller MD, Strickland MJ, Riehle-Colarusso T, et al. Prevalence of congenital heart defects in metropolitan Atlanta, 1998-2005. J Pediatr. 2008 Dec;153(6):807-13.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.05.059
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18657826?tool=bestpractice.com
Secundum defects account for 80% of interatrial communications and have a 2:1 female-to-male predominance.[13]Brida M, Chessa M, Celermajer D, et al. Atrial septal defect in adulthood: a new paradigm for congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022 Jul 21;43(28):2660-71.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34535989?tool=bestpractice.com
[14]Verheugt CL, Uiterwaal CS, van der Velde ET, et al. Gender and outcome in adult congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2008 Jul 1;118(1):26-32.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.758086?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18559697?tool=bestpractice.com
[15]Kuijpers JM, Mulder BJ, Bouma BJ. Secundum atrial septal defect in adults: a practical review and recent developments. Neth Heart J. 2015 Apr;23(4):205-11.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4368528
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25884091?tool=bestpractice.com
The other types of interatrial communications occur far less frequently: ostium primum (15%), sinus venosus (5%), and unroofed coronary sinus defects (1%).[13]Brida M, Chessa M, Celermajer D, et al. Atrial septal defect in adulthood: a new paradigm for congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022 Jul 21;43(28):2660-71.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34535989?tool=bestpractice.com
The prevalence of vestibular atrial septal defects (ASDs) is not known, although one retrospective review found that 3% of necropsy specimens had vestibular ASDs; increased awareness of the location of vestibular ASDs will provide more accurate data in future.[7]Loomba RS, Tretter JT, Mohun TJ, et al. Identification and morphogenesis of vestibular atrial septal defects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2020 Sep 10;7(3):35.
https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/7/3/35
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32927616?tool=bestpractice.com
Interatrial communications can also occur in conjunction with other congenital heart defects.