When discussing weight, person-first language is recommended (e.g., child with obesity rather than “obese child”) with avoidance of weight bias and stigma.[42]Muth ND, Bolling C, Hannon T, et al. The role of the pediatrician in the promotion of healthy, active living. Pediatrics. 2024 Mar 1;153(3):e2023065480.
https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/153/3/e2023065480/196676/The-Role-of-the-Pediatrician-in-the-Promotion-of
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38404207?tool=bestpractice.com
Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone in treatment of obesity and should utilize motivational interviewing alongside other techniques.[3]Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):e2022060640.
https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/151/2/e2022060640/190443/Clinical-Practice-Guideline-for-the-Evaluation-and?autologincheck=redirected
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36622115?tool=bestpractice.com
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What are the benefits and harms of diet, physical activity, and behavioral interventions for overweight and obese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years?/cca.html?targetUrl=https://cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.1859/fullShow me the answer The patient should be advised to limit sugar-containing beverages, energy-dense foods, and fast foods, and to decrease portion sizes.[3]Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):e2022060640.
https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/151/2/e2022060640/190443/Clinical-Practice-Guideline-for-the-Evaluation-and?autologincheck=redirected
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36622115?tool=bestpractice.com
[59]Speiser PW, Rudolf MC, Anhalt H, et al. Childhood obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Mar;90(3):1871-87.
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/90/3/1871/2837061
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15598688?tool=bestpractice.com
[93]Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Dec;54(24):1451-62.
https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/54/24/1451.full.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33239350?tool=bestpractice.com
[95]James J, Thomas P, Cavan D, et al. Preventing childhood obesity by reducing consumption of carbonated drinks: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2004 May 22;328(7450):1237.
https://www.bmj.com/content/328/7450/1237.full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15107313?tool=bestpractice.com
[96]Chen L, Appel LJ, Loria C, et al. Reduction in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with weight loss: the PREMIER trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May;89(5):1299-306.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19339405?tool=bestpractice.com
[97]US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020-2025. 9th ed. Dec 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/resources/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials
Sugar-sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods should be removed from the home. Family meals should be encouraged and meals taken at regular times. Children should consume nutrient-dense foods, including fruits, vegetables, wholegrains, beans, peas, lentils, eggs, seafood, unsalted nuts and seeds, fat-free and low-fat dairy products, and lean meats (prepared without added sugar, salt, and saturated fats).[97]US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020-2025. 9th ed. Dec 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/resources/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials
Patients should exercise for at least 60 minutes per day and reduce screen time to less than 1 hour per day for ages 2 to 5 years old or a parent-monitored plan for media use in older children.[3]Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023 Feb 1;151(2):e2022060640.
https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/151/2/e2022060640/190443/Clinical-Practice-Guideline-for-the-Evaluation-and?autologincheck=redirected
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36622115?tool=bestpractice.com
Family involvement is critical for success in weight maintenance or weight loss.
As children are still growing in height, they should concentrate on weight maintenance rather than weight loss (unless they have marked obesity).
American Academy of Pediatrics: Institute for Healthy Childhood Weight
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CDC: tips to help children maintain a healthy weight
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