Epidemiology
The true prevalence of halitosis is unknown. Available figures are difficult to evaluate, as studies often do not specify classification or terminology, and are mainly based on subjective self-estimation of malodor. The available evidence suggests that halitosis is common and can affect people of all ages.[3]
One meta-analysis found a combined halitosis prevalence of 31.8%, with a high heterogeneity between studies; this may be related to the socioeconomic status of the country where the study was conducted or an increase in the prevalence of halitosis over time.[4] Some studies have reported prevalence of halitosis to be as high as 50% to 60%.[2][3][5]
Severe halitosis is estimated to occur in less than 5% of the population.[6]
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