Criteria
American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system (8th edition)[119]
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system describes the extent of disease based on the following anatomic factors: size and extent of the primary tumor (T); regional lymph node involvement (N); and presence or absence of distant metastases (M).
Nonanatomic prognostic factors (e.g., tumor grade, signet ring cell histology, biomarkers) may be used to supplement the staging of certain cancers.
Paris classification - submucosal (SM) staging[120][121][122]
Assessment of depth of submucosal invasion following endoscopic resection is important as it is strongly associated with the risk of lymph node metastases.[123] The submucosa can be divided into thirds (SM1/SM2/SM3). Measurement of the depth of invasion below the original muscularis mucosae is used to determine SM staging. The most commonly used staging system for esophageal adenocarcinoma proposes the following cut-offs:[120]
SM1: >0 to ≤500 micrometers
SM2 - SM3: >500 micrometers
For squamous cell carcinoma, a cut-off of 200 micrometers for SM1 has been suggested.[124]
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