Case history
Case history #1
A 42-year-old white man with no previous medical history presents to his primary care physician with progressively increasing oedema in both lower extremities. There is no family history of renal failure. The patient has pitting pedal oedema rated as 3+ (5 mm oedema, pit formed on palpation is deep and lasts >1 minute). Urinalysis reveals marked proteinuria (3+).
Case history #2
A 38-year-old black HIV-positive man presents to the emergency department with a history of malaise, nausea, and poor appetite for the last 3 months. He has been poorly compliant with antiretroviral therapy for the last 2 years. Physical examination reveals an emaciated appearance and pitting oedema of both lower extremities rated as 1+ (slight pitting that disappears rapidly). Urinalysis reveals red blood cells, white blood cells, and marked proteinuria.
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