Colorectal adenomatous polyps are common, with a prevalence of 20% to 60% in individuals aged >50 years.[3]Sullivan BA, Noujaim M, Roper J. Cause, Epidemiology, and histology of polyps and pathways to colorectal cancer. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2022 Apr;32(2):177-94.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9924026
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35361330?tool=bestpractice.com
Individuals aged <50 years have a reported prevalence of 20%. The distribution of colonic adenomas is dependent on age; whereas adenomas in patients >50 years are evenly distributed throughout the colon, younger patients have a greater incidence of distal colonic and rectal polyps.[4]Senore C, Bellisario C, Segnan N. Distribution of colorectal polyps: implications for screening. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2017 Aug;31(4):481-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28842058?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Pettis J, Paruch J. Endoscopic assessment of colorectal polyps. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2024 Sep;37(5):271-6.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11309797
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[6]Silva SM, Rosa VF, Santos AC, et al. Influence of patient age and colorectal polyp size on histopathology findings. [in por]. Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2014 Apr-Jun;27(2):109-13.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4678682
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25004288?tool=bestpractice.com
Men have a 1.5 to 3 times greater relative risk compared with women.[7]Rex DK, Lehman GA, Ulbright TM, et al. Colonic neoplasia in asymptomatic persons with negative fecal occult blood tests: influence of age, gender, and family history. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993 Jun;88(6):825-31.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8503374?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Gaglia P, Atkin WS, Whitelaw S, et al. Variables associated with the risk of colorectal adenomas in asymptomatic patients with a family history of colorectal cancer. Gut. 1995 Mar;36(3):385-90.
https://gut.bmj.com/content/36/3/385.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7698698?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Lieberman DA, Williams JL, Holub JL, et al. Race, ethnicity, and sex affect risk for polyps >9 mm in average-risk individuals. Gastroenterology. 2014 Aug;147(2):351-8.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121117
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786894?tool=bestpractice.com
Flat adenomas, which have a more depressed appearance, carry a significantly higher risk of both dysplasia and cancer.[10]Rembacken BJ, Fujii T, Cairns A, et al. Flat and depressed colonic neoplasms: a prospective study of 1000 colonoscopies in the UK. Lancet. 2000 Apr 8;355(9211):1211-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10770302?tool=bestpractice.com
Black people have a higher risk of having polyps >9 mm in diameter compared with white people.[9]Lieberman DA, Williams JL, Holub JL, et al. Race, ethnicity, and sex affect risk for polyps >9 mm in average-risk individuals. Gastroenterology. 2014 Aug;147(2):351-8.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121117
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786894?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Lieberman DA, Holub JL, Moravec MD, et al. Prevalence of colon polyps detected by colonoscopy screening in asymptomatic black and white patients. JAMA. 2008 Sep 24;300(12):1417-22.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3878153
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