Differentials

Normal labour

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
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SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Bleeding is not usually severe and is darker.

The fetus is not compromised.

Labour progresses normally.

INVESTIGATIONS

The diagnosis is usually made clinically.

Ultrasound will be normal.

Placental abruption

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
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SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Usually painful.

If the abruption is large, the uterus is rock-hard and the fetus will usually be compromised.

Vaginal bleeding may range from absent to severe. Placental abruption may co-exist with placenta praevia.[44][45]

INVESTIGATIONS

Ultrasound may show abruption.

Placental abruption

Miscarriage

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

More common in early pregnancy (i.e., first and early second trimester).

There is usually crampy abdominal pain as bleeding becomes heavier.

Placental abruption may co-exist with miscarriage.

INVESTIGATIONS

The diagnosis is usually made clinically.

Ultrasound may show products of conception.

Miscarriage

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