Complications

Complication
Timeframe
Likelihood
short term
medium

More common with liver abscesses due to Klebsiella pneumoniae than those due to other organisms, and occur in 13% to 28% of patients.[16][17][74]

short term
medium

Increases mortality.[70]

Requires therapy with a broader antibiotic regimen to cover atypical and resistant infective organisms.

short term
low

A rare complication.

May result in pneumoperitoneum or peritonitis.[75][76] Surgical management is required.

short term
low

Patients may have symptoms of diaphragmatic irritation, such as referred right-sided shoulder tip pain, cough, or hiccups.

short term
low

Patients may present with a cough that is productive of purulent sputum. Metallic-tasting sputum has been reported.[77]

short term
low

Due to erosion of the abscess into the vascular wall of the hepatic artery.

Diagnosed with computed tomography angiogram.

Requires surgical management.

short term
low

Demonstrated on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan.

One trial that performed CT scans on patients with liver abscess over a 5-year period demonstrated venous thrombosis in 42% of patients; 24% of patients had thrombosis involving the portal vein, and 22% had thrombosis involving the hepatic vein; 4% of patients had both portal vein and hepatic vein thrombosis.[81]

short term
low

More common in people with pre-existing liver disease or those with a particularly large area of abscess involvement in the liver.

May occur in association with acute sepsis and multi-organ failure.

short term
low

Rare complication. Presents with acute epigastric pain and vomiting.

variable
low

Patients with underlying biliary disease have the highest rate of recurrence (25%).[66]​ Potential aetiologies include biliary obstruction and a fistula between the biliary tree and the intestine. If a liver abscess recurs, the authors would recommend that expert consultation by a gastroenterologist and investigation for biliary abnormalities by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography should be considered.​

variable
low

Such as to the stomach, colon, small bowel, or kidney.[78][79][80] Can be diagnosed by abdominal computed tomography. Further specialised radiographic techniques may also be used if available.

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