Primary prostate pain syndrome (PPPS) is a common condition worldwide.[2]Krieger JN, Riley DE, Cheah PY, et al. Epidemiology of prostatitis: new evidence for a world-wide problem. World J Urol. 2003 Jun;21(2):70-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12712363?tool=bestpractice.com
In the US, it accounts for approximately 8% of urology consultations and 1% of primary care consultations.[8]Schaeffer AJ. Epidemiology and evaluation of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008 Feb;31 Suppl 1:S108-11.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18164597?tool=bestpractice.com
A population-based cross-sectional survey of 2500 men carried out in Finland showed a lifetime prevalence rate of prostatitis of 14.2%.[9]Mehik A, Hellström P, Lukkarinen O, et al. Epidemiology of prostatitis in Finnish men: a population-based cross-sectional study. BJU Int. 2000 Sep;86(4):443-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10971269?tool=bestpractice.com
A large systematic review of the epidemiology of prostatitis included five studies surveying 10,617 men and found an overall rate of prostatitis (defined using various criteria) of 8.2%, with prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 9.7%.[10]Krieger JN, Lee SW, Jeon J, et al. Epidemiology of prostatitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008 Feb;31 Suppl 1(suppl 1):S85-90.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18164907?tool=bestpractice.com
PPPS is the most common category of prostatitis; it is estimated to be the cause of 90% to 95% of cases of prostatitis.[3]Krieger JN, Nyberg L Jr, Nickel JC. NIH consensus definition and classification of prostatitis. JAMA. 1999 Jul 21;282(3):236-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10422990?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Clemens JQ, Meenan RT, O'Keeffe Rosetti MC, et al. Incidence and clinical characteristics of National Institutes of Health type III prostatitis in the community. J Urol. 2005 Dec;174(6):2319-22.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16280832?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Anothaisintawee T, Attia J, Nickel JC, et al. Management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011 Jan 5;305(1):78-86.
https://www.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1913
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The condition predominantly affects men aged 36 to 50 years, but can affect men of all ages and shows no ethnic predominance.[6]Rees J, Abrahams M, Doble A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a consensus guideline. BJU Int. 2015 Oct;116(4):509-25.
https://www.doi.org/10.1111/bju.13101
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25711488?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Schaeffer AJ. Epidemiology and evaluation of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008 Feb;31 Suppl 1:S108-11.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18164597?tool=bestpractice.com
However, an estimation of the true prevalence of PPPS is limited due to significant overlap of symptoms with other conditions, such as interstitial cystitis, prostate and bladder cancers, and other types of prostatitis, with population-based prevalence rates of prostatitis symptoms ranging from 1% to 14.2%.[4]Engeler D, Baranowski AP, Borovicka J, et al; European Association of Urology. EAU guidelines on chronic pelvic pain. March 2022 [internet publication].
https://uroweb.org/guidelines/chronic-pelvic-pain
[9]Mehik A, Hellström P, Lukkarinen O, et al. Epidemiology of prostatitis in Finnish men: a population-based cross-sectional study. BJU Int. 2000 Sep;86(4):443-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10971269?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Krieger JN, Lee SW, Jeon J, et al. Epidemiology of prostatitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008 Feb;31 Suppl 1(suppl 1):S85-90.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18164907?tool=bestpractice.com