Epidemiology
AVP deficiency (AVP-D; previously known as central diabetes insipidus) and AVP resistance (AVP-R; previously known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) are uncommon, with a global prevalence of around 1:25,000.[1][7] Although the exact prevalence data is difficult to estimate, AVP-D is most common.[1] The condition can occur at any age and there are no differences in prevalence between sexes or among ethnic groups. The age of presentation is highly dependent on the aetiology. Inherited causes for both AVP-D and AVP-R present at a young age and account for less than 10% of all cases.[7][8]Acquired forms of AVP-D and AVP-R are more common than familial. AVP-R has been reported in up to 40% of patients receiving long-term lithium therapy, but the incidence of this adverse effect has been reported to be as high as 85%.[9][10] Primary polydipsia is much more common than AVP-D and AVP-R and is common in patients with neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions. AVP-D may present during pregnancy and occurs in approximately 1 in 30,000 pregnancies.[11]
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