Primary prevention
Prevention of active TB includes appropriate testing for latent TB infection (LTBI) and treatment of individuals with LTBI who are at increased risk for reactivation (targeted TB testing and treatment). Strategies for prevention of TB include preventing HIV infection and intravenous drug use. BCG vaccine is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that is used in many parts of the world. BCG vaccination is effective in prevention of TB meningitis and disseminated TB in infants and young children, although its efficacy in older patients is uncertain and under investigation.[17][36] In the UK, BCG vaccination is offered to newborn babies who have a parent or grandparent who was born in a country where the yearly incidence of TB is 40 per 100,000 or greater; and/or newborn babies living in areas of the UK where the yearly incidence of TB is 40 per 100,000 or greater.[37] The WHO recommends that a single dose of BCG vaccine should be given to neonates at birth, or as soon as possible afterwards, in countries or settings with a high incidence of TB and/or leprosy.[38] The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that travellers from the US who anticipate prolonged exposure to TB or are planning prolonged stays in TB-endemic countries should have pre- and post-travel testing.[39][40]
Secondary prevention
Active TB, confirmed or highly suspected, is a reportable condition to the local health authorities.
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer