Images and videos

Images

1

Multiple sclerosis

Cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging scan illustrating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Extensive multiple levels of cervical spinal cord involvement with oedema and blood-brain barrier breakdown as illustrated by the contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image (left). The T2-weighted image (right) indicates the extent of signal abnormality that may manifest clinically as quadriparesis with severe spasticity and pain

From the collection of Dr Lael A. Stone

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3

Multiple sclerosis

Sagittal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images with typical MS lesions involve the corpus callosum either as discrete lesions or as finger-like projections perpendicular to the corpus callosum. Note also the enlargement of the ventricles and diffuse atrophy of more advanced MS

From the collection of Dr Lael A. Stone

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2

Multiple sclerosis

Representative axial magnetic resonance images using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) showing typical lesions seen in MS in the periventricular regions. Comparable slices using the contrast agent gadolinium illustrate blood-brain barrier breakdown/active inflammation in 2 of the lesions. The FLAIR lesions that do not enhance are likely to be older, with a combination of gliosis and low-level chronic inflammation and degeneration

From the collection of Dr Lael A. Stone

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4

Multiple sclerosis

Magnetic resonance imaging scan of the cervical spine at high (≥1 Tesla) magnetic field strength illustrating a lesion that may cause myelopathic symptoms of bowel and bladder dysfunction as well as spastic paraparesis

From the collection of Dr Lael A. Stone

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Videos

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