Complications

Complication
Timeframe
Likelihood
short term
low

Occurs most commonly in patients treated with cytotoxic agents, especially for lymphoproliferative disorders and large tumour burdens (tumour lysis syndrome).

Usually occurs with very high uric acid levels exceeding 1190 micromol/L (20 mg/dL) and urine uric acid/creatinine ratio exceeding 1.

Patients may develop acute and oliguric renal failure. This is usually prevented with hydration and prophylaxis with allopurinol.[139]

long term
low

Evidence suggests an association between gout and chronic kidney disease (CKD). A retrospective cohort study found that people with gout were at higher risk of developing CKD stage 3 than a matched control group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.70 to 1.85).[140]

Chronic kidney disease

variable
medium

Prevalence of uric acid calculi in patients with gout is 10% to 20%.[137] Prevalence increases with uric acid level.[138]

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