Primary prevention

Data suggest that the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is helpful in preventing HPV infection. The quadrivalent HPV vaccine reduces the rate of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) in men who have sex with men, and may therefore help to reduce the risk of anal cancer in this population.[19]

A nine-valent HPV vaccine is approved in the US for people aged 9-45 years. Routine vaccination of children at age 11 or 12 years is recommended, but early vaccination from the age of 9 onwards is recommended in some patient groups. Catch-up vaccination is recommended for unvaccinated people aged ≤26 years, and may be considered following shared decision making for those aged 27-45 years​.[27][28]​​​​[29][30]​ ​Vaccination is not recommended during pregnancy.[28]

Further details on current vaccination schedules and special patient populations can be found in the latest ACIP vaccination schedules for children and adults.[29]​[30]​

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