Rubella

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rubella (German measles, three-day measles). Dec 2020 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Yellow Book 2024. Section 5: travel-associated infections and diseases - rubella. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

McLean HQ, Fiebelkorn AP, Temte JL, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps, 2013: summary recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013 Jun 14;62(RR-04):1-34.Full text  Abstract

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended child and adolescent immunization schedule for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended adult immunization schedule for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rubella/German measles: 2013 case definition. 2013 [internet publication].Full text

1. Morse EE, Zinkham WH, Jackson DP. Thrombocytopenic purpura following rubella infection in children and adults. Arch Int Med. 1966 Apr;117(4):573-9. Abstract

2. World Health Organization. Rubella vaccines: WHO position paper – July 2020 – Note de synthèse: position de l’OMS concernant les vaccins antirubéoleux. 2020 [internet publication].Full text

3. Ou AC, Zimmerman LA, Alexander JP Jr, et al. Progress toward rubella and congenital rubella syndrome elimination - worldwide, 2012-2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024 Feb 29;73(8):162-7.Full text  Abstract

4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Achievements in public health: elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome - United States, 1969-2004. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Mar 25;54(11):279-82. Abstract

5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rubella (German measles, three-day measles). Dec 2020 [internet publication].Full text

6. Papania MJ, Wallace GS, Rota PA, et al. Elimination of endemic measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome from the Western hemisphere: the US experience. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Feb;168(2):148-55.Full text  Abstract

7. Lanzieri T, Haber P, Icenogle JP, et al. Rubella. In: Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe C, eds. CDC The Pink Book: Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. Aug 2021 [internet publication].Full text

8. Pan American Health Organization; World Health Organization. Elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in the Americas. Fact Sheet 2015. Apr 2015 [internet publication].Full text

9. O'Connor P, Jankovic D, Zimmerman L, et al. Progress toward rubella elimination - World Health Organization European Region, 2005-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Jun 11;70(23):833-9.Full text  Abstract

10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Nationwide rubella epidemic--Japan, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Jun 14;62(23):457-62.Full text  Abstract

11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Yellow Book 2024. Section 5: travel-associated infections and diseases - rubella. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

12. McLean HQ, Fiebelkorn AP, Temte JL, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps, 2013: summary recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013 Jun 14;62(RR-04):1-34.Full text  Abstract

13. World Health Organization. Rubella fact sheet. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Full text

14. Zimmerman LA, Knapp JK, Antoni S, et al. Progress Toward Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome Control and Elimination - Worldwide, 2012-2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Feb 11;71(6):196-201.Full text  Abstract

15. Lambert N, Strebel P, Orenstein W, et al. Rubella. Lancet. 2015 Jun 6;385(9984):2297-307. Abstract

16. UK Health Security Agency.​ Rubella: the green book, chapter 28. Apr 2013 [internet publication].Full text

17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended child and adolescent immunization schedule for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Full text

18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended adult immunization schedule for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].Full text

19. Krow-Lucal E, Marin M, Shepersky L, et al. Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (PRIORIX): recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Nov 18;71(46):1465-70.Full text  Abstract

20. Maglione MA, Das L, Raaen L, et al. Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2014 Aug;134(2):325-37.Full text  Abstract

21. Hviid A, Hansen JV, Frisch M, et al. Measles, mumps, rubella vaccination and autism: a nationwide cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Apr 16;170(8):513-20.Full text  Abstract

22. Di Pietrantonj C, Rivetti A, Marchione P, et al. Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 22;11:CD004407. Abstract

23. Tingle AJ, Allen M, Petty RE, et al. Rubella-associated arthritis. I: comparative study of joint manifestations associated with natural rubella infection and RA 27/3 rubella immunisation. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986 Feb;45(2):110-4.Full text  Abstract

24. Isaac BM, Zucker JR, Giancotti FR, et al. Rubella surveillance and diagnostic testing among a low-prevalence population, New York City, 2012-2013. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2017 Sep;24(9):e00102-17.Full text  Abstract

25. Gross PA, Portnoy B, Mathies AW Jr, et al. A rubella outbreak among adolescent boys. Am J Dis Child. 1970 Apr;119(4):326-31. Abstract

26. Perry RT, Halsey NA. The clinical significance of measles: a review. J Infect Dis. 2004 May 1;189 Suppl 1:S4-16.Full text  Abstract

27. Ratnam S, Tipples G, Head C, et al. Performance of indirect immunoglobulin M (IgM) serology tests and IgM capture assays for laboratory diagnosis of measles. J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Jan;38(1):99-104.Full text  Abstract

28. Jackson MA, Sommerauer JF. Human herpesviruses 6 and 7. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002 Jun;21(6):565-6. Abstract

29. Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, et al. Guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2024 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 5:ciae104.Full text  Abstract

30. Chiu SS, Cheung CY, Tse CY, et al. Early diagnosis of primary human herpesvirus 6 infection in childhood: serology, polymerase chain reaction, and virus load. J Infect Dis. 1998 Nov;178(5):1250-6.Full text  Abstract

31. Tanz RR, Gerber MA, Kabat W, et al. Performance of a rapid antigen-detection test and throat culture in community pediatric offices: implications for management of pharyngitis. Pediatrics. 2009 Feb;123(2):437-44. Abstract

32. Doyle S, Kerr S, O'Keeffe G, et al. Detection of parvovirus B19 IgM by antibody capture enzyme immunoassay: receiver operating characteristic analysis. J Virol Methods. 2000 Nov;90(2):143-52. Abstract

33. Corcoran A, Doyle SJ. Advances in the biology, diagnosis and host-pathogen interactions of parvovirus B19. Med Microbiol. 2004 Jun;53(Pt 6):459-75.Full text  Abstract

34. Vuorinen T, Vainionpaa R, Hyypia T. Five years' experience of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in daily diagnosis of enterovirus and rhinovirus infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Aug 1;37(3):452-5.Full text  Abstract

35. Tilley PA, Walle R, Chow A, et al. Clinical utility of commercial enzyme immunoassays during the inaugural season of West Nile virus activity, Alberta, Canada. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Sep;43(9):4691-5.Full text  Abstract

36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.​ CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - dengue. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

37. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.​ CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - chikungunya. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.​ CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - Zika. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.​ Zika virus. Nov 2022 [internet publication].Full text

40. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zika virus: testing for Zika. Jun 2019 [internet publication].Full text

41. World Health Organization. Laboratory testing for Zika virus infection. Oct 2018 [internet publication].Full text

42. Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization. Algorithm for detecting Zika virus (ZIKV). [internet publication].Full text

43. Muller I, Brade V, Hagedorn HJ, et al. Is serological testing a reliable tool in laboratory diagnosis of syphilis? meta-analysis of eight external quality control surveys performed by the German Infection Serology Proficiency Testing Program. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Apr;44(4):1335-41.Full text  Abstract

44. Bruu AL, Hjetland R, Holter E, et al. Evaluation of 12 commercial tests for detection of Epstein-Barr virus-specific and heterophile antibodies. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2000 May;7(3):451-6.Full text  Abstract

45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rubella/German measles: 2013 case definition. 2013 [internet publication].Full text

46. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists​. Prepregnancy counseling. Jan 2019 [internet publication].Full text

47. Public Health England. Notifiable diseases and causative organisms: how to report. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

48. Young MK, Cripps AW, Nimmo GR, et al. Post-exposure passive immunisation for preventing rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 9;(9):CD010586.Full text  Abstract

49. Sherman FE, Michaels RH, Kenny FM. Acute encephalopathy (encephalitis) complicating rubella: report of cases with virological studies, cortisol-production determinations, and observations at autopsy. JAMA. 1965 May 24;192:675-81. Abstract

50. Bechar M, Davidovich S, Goldhammer G, et al. Neurological complications following rubella infection. J Neurol. 1982;226(4):283-7. Abstract

51. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rubella (German measles, three-day measles): clinical overview of rubella. Jul 2024 [internet publication].Full text