Complications
Severe dehydration may occur in immunocompromised patients and young children. Carers should ensure adequate oral intake of fluids to prevent dehydration. In cases in which dehydration has occurred, prompt correction of hydration is required, usually with oral rehydration solution, or with intravenous fluid if oral intake is impaired.
A result of biliary tract involvement in severely immunocompromised people. Diagnosis can be confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and biopsy, and sending bile for testing for Cryptosporidium.
A result of biliary tract involvement in severely immunocompromised people. Diagnosis can be confirmed by ERCP and biopsy, and sending bile for testing for Cryptosporidium.
Improving the patient's immune function, where possible, may lead to improvement. Colonisation of the biliary tract offers the parasite protection from luminal agents such as paromomycin; an agent with biliary excretion such as nitazoxanide is therefore recommended.
A result of pancreatobiliary involvement in severely immunocompromised people. Diagnosis can be confirmed by ERCP and biopsy.
A result of sclerosing cholangitis. Liver biopsy confirms the diagnosis.
Rarely, in patients with HIV infection, gas-containing cysts may occur in the gut wall and may rupture, resulting in pneumoretroperitoneum and pneumomediastinum.[1]
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome has been very rarely described in immunocompromised patients with extra-intestinal cryptosporidiosis.[115]
Tracheobronchial involvement has occurred rarely in severely immunocompromised patients.
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