Differentials

Paratesticular mass

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Usually the testis is normal, and the mass is firm and quite large by the time the patient presents.

INVESTIGATIONS

Ultrasound will show a solid mass along the spermatic cord.

Cord hydrocele

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Fluid, not veins, palpable along the spermatic cord, separate from the testis. Transilluminates using penlight (varicoceles do not transilluminate).

INVESTIGATIONS

Ultrasound will show fluid collection alongside spermatic cord.

Inguinal hernia

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Typically lies superomedial to the pubic tubercle.

The patient may report a dragging sensation in the groin or an intermittent bulge that disappears when lying flat.

INVESTIGATIONS

Ultrasound will show abnormal ballooning of the anteroposterior diameter of the inguinal canal.

Spermatocele

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Cyst attached to the head of the epididymis. Smooth and able to get above it on examination. Often transilluminates.

INVESTIGATIONS

Ultrasound will show cystic structure on head of epididymis clearly separate from testis.

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