Tic disorders

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR) criteria for provisional tic disorder[38]American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

1. Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics.

2. The tics have been present for less than 1 year since first onset.

3. Onset is before age 18 years.

4. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiologic effects of a substance (e.g., cocaine) or another medical condition (e.g., Huntington disease, postviral encephalitis).

5. Criteria have never been met for Tourette disorder or persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder.

DSM-5-TR criteria for persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder[38]American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

1. Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor and vocal.

2. The tics may wax and wane in frequency, but have persisted for more than 1 year since first tic onset.

3. Onset is before age 18 years.

4. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiologic effects of a substance (e.g., cocaine) or another medical condition (e.g., Huntington disease, postviral encephalitis).

5. Criteria have never been met for Tourette disorder.

   Specify if:

   • With motor tics only

   • With vocal tics only.

DSM-5-TR criteria for Tourette disorder[38]American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

1. Both multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics must be present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily concurrently.

2. The tics may wax and wane in frequency, but have persisted for more than 1 year since first tic onset.

3. Onset is before age 18 years.

4. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiologic effects of a substance (e.g., cocaine) or another medical condition (e.g., Huntington disease, postviral encephalitis).

DSM-5-TR criteria for other specified/unspecified tic disorder[38]American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

• These categories apply to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a tic disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for a tic disorder or any of the disorders in the neurodevelopmental disorders diagnostic class.

• The "other specified tic disorder" category is used in situations in which the clinician chooses to communicate the specific reason that the presentation does not meet the criteria for a tic disorder or any specific neurodevelopmental disorder. This is done by recording "other specified tic disorder" followed by the specific reason (e.g., 'with onset after age 18 years').

• The "unspecified tic disorder" category is used in situations in which the clinician chooses not to specify the reason that the criteria are not met for a tic disorder or any specific neurodevelopmental disorder and includes presentations in which there is insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis.