The global prevalence of RVO in 2015, regardless of type, was 0.77% among people ages 30-89 years in one meta-analysis.[2]Song P, Xu Y, Zha M, et al. Global epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. J Glob Health. 2019 Jun;9(1):010427.
https://www.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.010427
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31131101?tool=bestpractice.com
The global prevalence of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) was 0.13%, while the prevalence of branched retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) was 0.64%.[2]Song P, Xu Y, Zha M, et al. Global epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. J Glob Health. 2019 Jun;9(1):010427.
https://www.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.010427
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31131101?tool=bestpractice.com
The incidence of RVO increases with age.[2]Song P, Xu Y, Zha M, et al. Global epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. J Glob Health. 2019 Jun;9(1):010427.
https://www.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.010427
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31131101?tool=bestpractice.com
[3]The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. Retinal vein occlusion guidelines. Feb 2022 [internet publication].
https://www.rcophth.ac.uk/resources-listing/retinal-vein-occlusion-rvo-guidelines
Both CRVO and BRVO occur primarily in people ages >65 years, and are relatively uncommon in people ages <40 years.[4]Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, et al. Retinal vein occlusions preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2020 Feb;127(2):P288-320.
https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(19)32096-2/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31757503?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Mitchell P, Smith W, Chang A. Prevalence and associations of retinal vein occlusion in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996 Oct;114(10):1243-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8859084?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2000;98:133-41.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1298220/pdf/taos00001-0142.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11190017?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB, Podhajsky P. Incidence of various types of retinal vein occlusion and their recurrence and demographic characteristics. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994 Apr 15;117(4):429-41.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8154523?tool=bestpractice.com
In one study, 71% of patients with CRVO and 77% of patients with BRVO were ages ≥65 years.[6]Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2000;98:133-41.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1298220/pdf/taos00001-0142.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11190017?tool=bestpractice.com
The incidence is equal in men and women and no racial differences in prevalence has been reported.[1]Romano F, Lamanna F, Gabrielle PH, et al. Update on retinal vein occlusion. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2023 Mar-Apr;12(2):196-210.
https://journals.lww.com/apjoo/fulltext/2023/03000/update_on_retinal_vein_occlusion.7.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36912792?tool=bestpractice.com
[2]Song P, Xu Y, Zha M, et al. Global epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. J Glob Health. 2019 Jun;9(1):010427.
https://www.doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.010427
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31131101?tool=bestpractice.com
[3]The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. Retinal vein occlusion guidelines. Feb 2022 [internet publication].
https://www.rcophth.ac.uk/resources-listing/retinal-vein-occlusion-rvo-guidelines
[5]Mitchell P, Smith W, Chang A. Prevalence and associations of retinal vein occlusion in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996 Oct;114(10):1243-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8859084?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2000;98:133-41.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1298220/pdf/taos00001-0142.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11190017?tool=bestpractice.com
The Beaver Dam Study reported the incidence rate of CRVO to be 0.002 per person over 5 years, and 0.005 per person over a 15-year period.[6]Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2000;98:133-41.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1298220/pdf/taos00001-0142.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11190017?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Klein R, Moss SE, Meuer SM, et al. The 15-year cumulative incidence of retinal vein occlusion: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):513-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18413521?tool=bestpractice.com
The incidence rate of BRVO was reported as 0.006 per person over 5 years, and 0.018 per person over a 15-year period.[6]Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2000;98:133-41.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1298220/pdf/taos00001-0142.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11190017?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Klein R, Moss SE, Meuer SM, et al. The 15-year cumulative incidence of retinal vein occlusion: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):513-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18413521?tool=bestpractice.com
Of patients with CRVO in one eye, 1% per year will develop an RVO of any type in the fellow eye, and 7% will develop another CRVO in the fellow eye in a 5-year period.[7]Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB, Podhajsky P. Incidence of various types of retinal vein occlusion and their recurrence and demographic characteristics. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994 Apr 15;117(4):429-41.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8154523?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group. Natural history and clinical management of central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997 Apr;115(4):486-91. [Erratum in: Arch Ophthalmol 1997 Oct;115(10):1275.]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9109757?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Hayreh SS. Central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 1998 Dec 1;11(4):559-90.
http://www.ophthalmology.theclinics.com/article/S0896-1549(05)70079-1/abstract
Similarly, 10% of patients with BRVO in one eye may experience an RVO of any type in a 3-year period.
CRVO results in visual impairment more frequently than BRVO, with macular edema being the leading cause.[3]The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. Retinal vein occlusion guidelines. Feb 2022 [internet publication].
https://www.rcophth.ac.uk/resources-listing/retinal-vein-occlusion-rvo-guidelines