Patent foramen ovale

No long-term monitoring is recommended for small, asymptomatic PFO. Routine clinical follow-up of patients with cerebrovascular accident is recommended. In patients who have undergone PFO closure, follow-up echo (with injection of intravenous agitated saline) is recommended at approximately 6 months after closure. This will help to confirm adequate closure of the PFO and determine the continuation or discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy.