In most cases the prognosis is excellent. Studies conducted many years ago showed that children with growth stunting and cognitive delays demonstrate increased growth velocity and improved cognition following therapy with albendazole.[29]Stephenson LS, Crompton DW, Latham MC, et al. Evaluation of a four year project to control Ascaris infection in children in two Kenyan villages. J Trop Pediatr. 1983;29:175-184.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6876238?tool=bestpractice.com
[59]Khuroo MS. Ascariasis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1996;25:553-577.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8863040?tool=bestpractice.com
One study in Kenya showed significantly greater increases in weight gain (0.7 kg vs. 0.5 kg) and skinfold thickness (2.0 mm vs. a previous decrease of 1.1 mm) after treatment with levamisole.[60]Stephenson LS, Crompton DW, Latham MC, et al. Relationships between Ascaris infection and growth of malnourished preschool children in Kenya. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980;33:1165-1172.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768282?tool=bestpractice.com
Researchers in Tanzania showed an 8% greater rate of weight gain in children treated for ascariasis than in controls.[61]Willett WC, Kilama WL, Kihamia CM. Ascaris and growth rates: a randomized trial of treatment. Am J Public Health. 1979;69:987-991.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/384815?tool=bestpractice.com
Five 6-monthly rounds of single dose albendazole in malnourished preschool children in India yielded significant (35%) weight gain compared to controls.[62]Awasthi A, Peto R, Pande V, et al. Effects of deworming on malnourished preschool children in India; an open-labelled, cluster-randomized trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008;2:e223.
http://www.plosntds.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0000223
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18414647?tool=bestpractice.com
Patients presenting with more severe medical sequelae of ascariasis have a far worse prognosis. In particular, patients who present with complete bowel obstruction are likely to have underlying malnutrition and to develop surgical and infectious complications. Mortality is also higher in patients requiring intestinal resection. In one study, 11.8% of patients requiring resection for ascariasis had fatal outcomes, as opposed to <8% of those patients requiring manual advancement, enterotomy, appendectomy, or another surgical procedure.[59]Khuroo MS. Ascariasis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1996;25:553-577.
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[63]Ochoa B. Surgical complications of ascariasis. World J Surg. 1991;15:222-227.
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