Epidemiology
Approximately one in every 2500 to 4000 live births are affected, with a slight female preponderance.[3] The prevalence of esophageal atresia appears to have remained stable over decades.[3]
The majority of infants have Gross type C (proximal atresia with distal fistula), comprising 85% to 90% of all cases. The second most common type is pure atresia with no tracheoesophageal fistula (Gross A), which comprises 4% to 7% of all cases. Gross type D occurs 3% of the time. A much rarer form, the H-type fistula (Gross E), occurs in approximately 2% to 3% of cases. This type of fistula may be undiagnosed until later in life. Type B occurs only 1% of the time, although the actual incidence of a proximal fistula may be underestimated.[4][5][6]
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