Congenital torticollis

Often occurs when the child is fatigued or ill. One study reported an incidence of 24.7%.[10]Binder H, Eng GD, Gaiser JF, et al. Congenital muscular torticollis: results of conservative management with long-term follow-up in 85 cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987 Apr;68(4):222-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3566514?tool=bestpractice.com

Craniofacial asymmetry can persist despite early and successful treatment of the head tilt.[10]Binder H, Eng GD, Gaiser JF, et al. Congenital muscular torticollis: results of conservative management with long-term follow-up in 85 cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987 Apr;68(4):222-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3566514?tool=bestpractice.com

Often seen in more severe or inadequately treated cases. One study reported an incidence of 5.8%.[10]Binder H, Eng GD, Gaiser JF, et al. Congenital muscular torticollis: results of conservative management with long-term follow-up in 85 cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987 Apr;68(4):222-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3566514?tool=bestpractice.com

Scoliosis

Associated with untreated cases. Can be seen in adolescence and may require orthodontic surgery.[42]Burstein FD. Long-term experience with endoscopic surgical treatment for congenital muscular torticollis in infants and children: a review of 85 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004 Aug;114(2):491-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15277820?tool=bestpractice.com