Complications

Complication
Timeframe
Likelihood
short term
medium

Most frequent in postoperatively, and associated with paresis. Reported in 27.5% to 43.0% of patients.[90] May be due to a combination of cancer-induced hypercoagulability and immobility (e.g., long surgery, paresis).

Anticoagulation therapy should be instituted.

long term
high

Cognitive deficits are common in people with brain tumors, and patients who have radiation therapy (especially whole-brain radiation therapy) are at higher risk than those who do not. These cognitive changes become apparent as soon as within 6 months to 1 year of treatment, or later in younger patients with better cognitive reserve. They often affect executive function, working memory, and processing speed, and can have a serious impact on quality of life and day-to-day functioning. Evidence for effectiveness of interventions for the treatment or amelioration of such cognitive deficits is limited.[92]

variable
high

Seizures occur because of cerebral cortex irritation (e.g., tumor, surgery). Most frequent in the acute setting but can occur at any time. Reported in 29% to 80% of patients.[25]

Anticonvulsant drugs should be instituted.[41][42] If acute seizures occur, intravenous lorazepam should be given to stop the seizure.

variable
high

People with a primary brain tumor often experience depression. Psychological wellbeing should be assessed as part of regular clinical review. There is little evidence about the value of pharmacologic treatment of depression in this population.[91]

variable
low

Optico-hypothalmic tumors may result in a deficiency of pituitary hormones.

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