Bruxism prevention should be viewed as secondary (i.e., prevention of its negative clinical consequences) or tertiary (i.e., reduction of the negative impact of clinical consequences).
From a dental perspective, it is important to emphasize that occlusal therapies (restorations, equilibration and any irreversible occlusal changes) are not recommended as a prevention strategy for management of bruxism.[19]Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Manfredini D, et al. Are bruxism and the bite causally related? J Oral Rehabil. 2012;39:489-501.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22489928?tool=bestpractice.com
In addition, they should be considered sources of unnecessary over-treatment, and the ethical concerns associated with such procedures should be always borne in mind.[130]Reid KI, Greene CS. Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders: an ethical analysis of current practices. J Oral Rehabil. 2013 Jul;40(7):546-61.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23691977?tool=bestpractice.com
[131]Manfredini D, Bucci MB, Montagna F, et al. Temporomandibular disorders assessment: medicolegal considerations in the evidence-based era. J Oral Rehabil. 2011 Feb;38(2):101-19.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20726941?tool=bestpractice.com
Negative consequences of bruxism, such as severe tooth wear, fracture of dental restorations, or dental implant complications, may be prevented with the use of of oral appliances such as occlusal splints.[99]Macedo CR, Silva AB, Machado MA, et al. Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;4:CD005514.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005514.pub2/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17943862?tool=bestpractice.com
Future studies on prevention strategies may benefit from the inclusion of cognitive behavioral re-education approaches, based on the emerging consensus of bruxism as a behavior that mirrors underlying conditions.[47]Raphael KG, Santiago V, Lobbezoo F. Is bruxism a disorder or a behaviour? Rethinking the international consensus on defining and grading of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2016;43:791-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27283599?tool=bestpractice.com
[132]Manfredini D, De Laat A, Winocur E, et al. Why not stop looking at bruxism as a black/white condition? Aetiology could be unrelated to clinical consequences. J Oral Rehabil. 2016;43:799-801.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27545318?tool=bestpractice.com