Epidemiology

Volume depletion occurs frequently in paediatric patients. Data on epidemiology from all causes are not available, but some useful information can be extrapolated from information on two of the most common causes, gastroenteritis and trauma. In the US, gastroenteritis accounts for more than 1.5 million outpatient visits, 200,000 admissions to hospital, and about 300 deaths each year.[1][2]​​​ Worldwide, around 444,000 children under 5 years of age die each year from diarrhoea.[3] Globally, there are around 1.7 billion cases of diarrhoeal illness each year; it is the third leading cause of death in children under 5 years old.[3]​​

Trauma is a common cause of death in children 5 years and older.[4]​ A substantial portion of those with significant injuries present with some degree of volume depletion from external and occult bleeding, crush injuries, and burns. Other causes of volume depletion in children are less common, but have significant impact on child health and illness.

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