Patient discussions
Women who have a history of GDM should follow lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. They should be given the following advice:[48] NIDDK: preventing type 2 diabetes Opens in new window ADA: gestational diabetes Opens in new window NIDDK: gestational diabetes - what is gestational diabetes? Opens in new window
GDM increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, and long-term follow-up with screening is needed.
Follow-up glucose testing should occur either in the immediate postpartum period (during delivery hospitalization) 4-12 weeks postpartum, and then every 1-3 years depending on whether results are abnormal or not.
Prepregnancy weight should be achieved. If this is still above normal, 5% to 7% of body weight should be lost.
Aerobic exercise is recommended for at least 30 minutes at least 5 days per week.
A healthy diet low in simple carbohydrates and saturated fats is advised.
Patients who had GDM in prior pregnancies should have access to preconception care and counseling to ensure adequate nutrition, healthy weight, and glucose control before conception, during pregnancy, and in the postpartum period.[42]
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