Primary prevention
Primary prevention includes sexual abstinence, barrier contraception, and avoidance of chemical irritants such as vaginal douches or spermicides. Access to sexual health services is key, as is ensuring that the needs of groups with greater sexual health or access needs are met; interventions and services aimed at reducing sexually transmitted infections should be relevant to the groups they are targeting.[15] Screening programs for asymptomatic cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis may reduce incident pelvic inflammatory disease by more than 50%.[16] Screening could have more impact if implemented in all preventive care visits.[17]
Secondary prevention
Secondary prevention measures include screening and treating sexual partners for sexually transmitted infections and avoiding any known chemical irritants, such as vaginal douches or spermicide.
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