Emerging treatments

Intralesional interferon

A small trial demonstrated total clearance of lesions in all patients with interferon gamma injections.[51] However, as interferon may trigger granulomatous inflammation, this treatment should be considered cautiously.

Combination antibiotic regimens

Combination therapy using rifampin, ofloxacin, and minocycline has been reported to be effective in a small case series of patients.[52]

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors

Small case reports have shown that ruxolitinib may be effective for granulomatous disease such as necrobiosis lipoidica and sarcoidosis.[53] A single report documented improvement in a patient with granuloma annulare after treatment with tofacitinib.[54]

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